Impression packer

ABSTRACT

MEA S CONNECTING THE ENDS OF SAID SLEEVE IN FLUID-TIGHT RELATIONSHIP WITH SAID TUBING SECTION TO FORM AN ANNULAR CHAMBER BETWEEN SAID TUBING SECTION AND SAID SLEECE, PORT MEANS COMMUNICATING WITH SAID ANNULAR CHAMBER FOR INFLATING SAID RESILIENT SLEECE AND AN IMPRESSION SLEEVE CONNECTED TO SAID RESILIENT SLEEVE FOR EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION THEREWITH, SAID IMPRESSION SLEEVE COMPRISING A SMOOTH ROLLED SHEET CONTAINING ABOUT 60 TO 80 PERCENT BY WEIGHT PARTIALLY CURED SYNTHETIC NITRILE RUBBER INCLUDING CURE CHEMICALS, ABOUT 10 TO 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT NATURAL RUBBER SMOKED SHEET, ABOUT 5 TO 15 An impression packer for use in obtaining impressions in wells and having an impression sleeve formed of a mixture of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, natural rubber smoked sheet, silica powder and rubber processing oil.

United States Patent OR 3e8559854 Hutehison et al.

[ Dec. 24, 1974 IMPRESSION PACKER Inventors: Stanley 0. Hutchison, Bakersfield;

Glenn W. Anderson, Oildale; Gordon L. Newby, Bakersfield, all of Calif.

Chevron Research Company, San Francisco, Calif.

June 25, 1973 Assignee:

Filed:

Appl. No.: 373,341

US. Cl. 73/151, 260/5 Int. Cl E21b 47/00 Field of Search 73/151; 260/5; 264/337,

' [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,046 ,60l 7/l962 Hubherl cl nl 73/l5l Primary Examiner-Donald O. Woodiel Assistant Examiner-Anthony V. Ciarlante Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward J. Keeling; Ralph L. Freeland, Jr.

[57] ABSTRACT An impression packer for use in obtaining impressions in wells and having an impression sleeve formed of a mixture of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, natural rubber smoked sheet, silica powder and rubber processing oil.

3 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTED DEB24 I974 IMPRESSION PACKER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an impression into sheet form for the impression receiving sleeve.

It is often very desirable to know the condition of pipe or liners located in wells. For example, it is important to know whether or not perforations or slots in a liner are open or plugged. It is also often important to know the condition of the pipe or liner itself, i.e., is it in good condition or is it cracked or split. It is also sometimes desirable to know what the surface of a formation penetrated by a well is like.

One means of determining the condition of these downhole occurrences is the 'use of an impression packer. An impression packer is a device which is run down hole and has a surface which is pressed against the pipe or formation which surface will form and retain an impression of irregularities in the surface of the pipe such as, for example, perforations or cracks in the pipe. Impression packers are not new. Such packers are disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,416,441; 2,618,014; and 2,653,474, for example. However, impression packers known heretofore had only limited success. A principal cause of the lack of success is believed to be the absences of a suitable material for receiving and retaining the impression.

The present invention provides a material for forming an impression sleeve of an impression packer. The

impression sleeve is formed of a material which will re- 'tain impressions and which will expand and retract so BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention provides a material 'useful as an impression sleeve of an expandable and retractable packer which sleeve will form and retain an' impression of irregularities in a downhole surface. The material is formed of a mixture of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, natural rubber smoked sheet, hydrated amorphous silica powder and rubber processing oil. The partial cure of the synthetic nitrile rubber is done by heating nitrile rubber containing less than full curing amounts of sulfur, stearic acid and zinc oxide, the curing chemicals. Broadly, a mixture containing from about 60 to 80 percent by weight of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including the cure chemicals, from about 10 to 20 percent natrual rubber smoked sheet,

from about 5 to 15 percent by weight of hydrated 65 has resulted when the mixture comprises from about to percent by weight of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including the cure chemicals, from 14 to 16 percent by weight of natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.5 to 8.5 percent by-weight silica powder, and about 3.5 to 4.5 percent by weight rubber processing oil.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A principal object of the present invention is to provide an oil resistant relatively temperature stable material for use as the impression sleeve of a packer for use in well operations to determine the condition of a downhole surface. Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description read in light of the accompanying drawing.

IN THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an elevation view with parts broken away for clarity of presentation and illustrates apparatus assembled in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken at line 22. of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial elevation view and illustrates the impression element of the present invention in contact with a well liner.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred arrangement of apparatus of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to FIGS. 1 to 3 in particular. The apparatus of the present invention provides an inflatable impression packer useful in well operations. The packer includes a tubular mandrel section having a resilient inflatable sleeve and an impression sleeve connected thereto. When inflated the impression sleeve expands and sealingly engages the inside of a well and conforms with irregularities therein. After a predetermined time period the packer is deflated and the impression sleeve is retracted. However, the impressions on the sleeve remain intact and may be investigated when the packer is returned to the surface.

The packer is illustrated inside of well liner 22. The liner 22 is used to line the wall of the well as is known in the art and may contain an opening such as opening 23 which opens communication with a formation behind the liner 22. An inflatable resilient sleeve 10 is connected at its upper and lower ends in fluid-tight relationship to an elongated tubular mandrel section 12. The connection is made in any suitable manner such as, for example, by clamping units indicated by the numerals 14 and 16. An impression sleeve 11 is connected to the resilient sleeve 10 and is expandable and retractable therewith. The impression sleeve is adapted to form and retain an impression record of a surface against which it is pressed.

The tubing section 12 extends through the clamping units 14 and 16. The upper end of the tubing 12 is usually connected into a segmented tubing string which extends to the top of the well. If desired, however, the tubing section may be connected through an appropriate linkage system to a wireline. In this event suitable inflation devices for inflating theinflatable element are run into the well with the tubing section on the wireline. When the tubing section is run into the well on a segmented tubing string the resilient sleeves and 11 can be inflated by flowing a fluid down the interior of the tubing string into the tubing section and then through the tubing section through suitable holes 20 and 21 therein provided.

In preferred form the lower end of the tubing section 12 is connected to a float shoe 24 by means of an intermediate sub 26. The float shoe 24 has a plurality of holes 28 to permit entry of well fluids into the interior of the shoe 24. An upwardly opening check valve, such as flapper valve 30, is located in the float shoe 24 above the holes 28. When the flapper valve is open well fluids can communicate with the interior of the tubing section 12 and the tubing connected thereabove. When well liquids are encountered when the inflatable packer of the present invention is being run into a well on a segmented tubing string the flapper valve 30 opens to permit entry of the well fluids into the interior of the tubing section 12 and the tubing string. This equalizes the pressure on the interior and the exterior of the packer and permits later inflation of the inflatable resilient sleeves l0 and 11 by means of a relatively small pressure differential. This is so because the pressure needed to inflate the resilient sleeve does not need to overcome the well pressure.

When fluid is injected into the tubing section from above to apply pressure to the inflatable resilient sleeve the flapper valve is closed by the pressure and the sleeve is expanded by means of flow into the annular chamber between the tubing section 12 and the inner resilient sleeve 10. Even though a column of well liquids may extend up the interior of the tubing and into the annular chamber 15 the packer is still inflated by pressurizing the tubing string from the surface. The pressure differential in the annular chamber forces the impression sleeve to sealingly engage the well wall. When sufficient time has passed for the impression record to be formed on the impression sleeve the pressure is released and the impression sleeve is retracted and moves away from sealing engagement with the well wall. The retraction of the impression sleeve is preferably caused by the resiliency of the inflatable resilient sleeve. If desired springs or other devices may be utilized to retract the impression sleeve, for example, as taught in US. Pat. No. 2,692,446. In any event the impression sleeve is retracted enough so that the packer may be pulled from the well without destroying the impressions formed thereon. After the impression packer operation is completed a drain port is opened below the tubing section 12 to allow the interior of the tubing to drain as the tubing is being withdrawn from the well. Thus knock-off plug 32 is positioned in the adapter sub 26. A sinker bar (not shown) is used to shear off the back of the plug 32 to open communication from the inside of the tubing to the well annulus.

The inner inflatable sleeve 10 of the packer is connected at its upper and lower ends in fluid-tight relationship by clamping units 14 and 16. Preferably as fully described in copending application Ser. No. 367,602 filed June 6, 1973 by Stanley 0. Hutchison, the clamping units 14 and 16 disconnectably connect the flexible sleeve 10 in position over the tubing section 12. The disconnectable connection provided by the clamping units permits easy field repair or dressing of the packer. Thus if the ends of the sleeve 10 or 11 wear or abrade near the clamping units then one or more of the clamps is opened and the worn end or ends of the sleeve or sleeves trimmed off. The sleeve is then reconnected into the clamping unit.

The impression sleeve is formed of a material which will retain impressions and will expand and retract with the expansion and retraction of the inflatable resilient sleeve. The material used to form the impression sleeve must be smooth so that impression detail will be readily observable on the sleeve after a run of the impression packer. That is, the surface of the impression sleeve must not be so rough that detail of the impression is lost. Generally a surface which feels smooth to the hand and visually appears to have no major roughness is required. In applications where some exposure to pctroleum is a factor and operations at elevated temperatures is required, a mixture of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, natural rubber smoked sheet and certain additives has been found to give good results.

The material useful as an impression sleeve in accor dance with the present invention is a mixture of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, natural rubber smoked sheet, hydrated amorphous silica powder and rubber processing oil. Broadly, a mixture containing from about 60 to 80 percent by weight of partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, about 10 to 20 percent by weight of natural rubber smoked sheet, from about 5 to 15 percent by weight of hydrated amorphous silica powder, and from about 2 to 6 percent by weight of rubber processing oil has been found satisfactory. In all instances the weight percent of the partially cured ni trile rubber includes the weight of the cure chemicals. Best results are obtained when the impression material is formed of a mixture comprising about to percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, about 14 to 16 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, 7.5 to 8.5 percent by weight amorphous silica powder, and about 3.5 to 4.5 percent by weight of rubber processing oil. A particularly desirable impression sleeve has resulted when the mixture comprises about 73.4 percent partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber, about 15.7 percent by weight of natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.9 percent by weight silica powder and about 4.0 percent by weight of rubber processing oil.

The impression sleeve material is formed by mixing the above mentioned ingredients in the proper ratios. Preferably, the mixing is accomplished in two stages. The first stage results in the formation of a natural rubber sheet having desired amounts of silica powder and rubber processing oil contained therein. The first stage rubber sheet should contain natural rubber smoked sheet 50 to 75 percent by weight, hydrated amorphous silica powder 10 to 30 percent by weight and rubber processing oil 3 to 15 percent by weight. A highly preferred first stage is formed of natural rubber smoked sheet 57.2 percent by weight, hydrated amorphous silica powder 28.4 percent by weight, and rubber processing oil l4.4 percent by weight. The second stage mixing is accomplished by mixing the above described first stage rubber sheet with a predetermined amount partially cured nitrile rubber to give the desired ratios in accordance with this invention.

The first stage mixing is preferably accomplished by first introducing a known weight of natural rubber smoked sheet into a rubber processing rolling mill. As known in the art, a rubber processing rolling mill usually comprises two parallel adjustable counterrotating rolls rotating at slightly different speeds. Rubber is fed between the rolls and the squeezing and friction caused by the differential speeds of the rolls heats and breaks the nerve of the rubber causing it to smooth out and form a relatively thin coating around one of the rolls. The thickness of the sheet can be adjusted within limits by proper spacing of the rollers and the amount of rubber introduced into the rolls.

After an initial period of rolling which is generally accomplished in about to minutes sufficient heat and friction are generated to reduce the nerve or resiliency of the natural rubber to cause it to form a sheet on one of the rolls. The desired weights of the additives are then added to the rubber as it is being rolled. To facilitate mixing, the rubber sheet is continually cut off the roll and re-rolled during the mixing period. This results in thorough mixing and squeezing, of the rubber and the additives and eventually a smooth rubber sheet of the mixture is formed around one of the rolls. A time of about 15 to 20 minutes is generally sufficient to mix the rubber and the additives to form a suitable first stage material. After such a sheet has been formed on one of the rolls the sheet is cut and removed from the roll.

The second stage mixing is accomplished by .first feeding into the set of rubber rolls a known weight of partially cured nitrile rubber and rolling the nitrile rub ber until the nerve is broken and a rubber sheet is formed about one of the rolls. This usually requires about 15 to 20 minutes. Pieces of the first stage sheet are then added to the rolls to combine with the second stage sheet in the moving rolls. Sufficient first stage sheet is added to form an impression cover material in sheet form having the herein disclosed proportions by weight. At such time which may be about 15 to 20 minutes the sheet of material is cutand removed from the rolls.

The sheet of impression material is allowed to cool. It is then ready to be connected to an inflatable sleeve of a packer to form an impression sleeve in accordancewith the present invention. The size of the sheet, of course, may be rolled to conform with the size of an impression sleeve it is desired to make or the sheet taken from the rolls may be cut into suitable strips and run through an extruder to get a continuous sheet of desired length. For example, in one demonstration small rolls having a circumference of only 3 to 5 feet were used to produce an impression material sheet. It was desired to use a continuous sheet of feet in length by 16 inches in width by 0.150 inch in thickness for forming an impression sleeve. The impression material formed on the small rolls was cut into narrow strips and run through an extruder to get a 30 feet long continuous sheet.

The so formed impression sheet is connected to an inflatable sleeve of a packer to form an impression surface. When using a rubber inflatable sleeve it has been .found satisfactory to bond the impression sheet to the inflatable sleeve with rubber adhesive. The preferred manner to bond the layers together comprises coating one side of the impression sheet with rubber adhesive such as, for example, Rubatex No. 372 (a rubber adhesive of Rubatex Corp., Bedford, Va. 24523) and allowing it to dry until slightly tacky. During the drying period the outside of the inflatable sleeve is also coated with the rubber adhesive. The impression sheet is then smoothly contacted with the inflatable sleeve with about a 1 inch overlap to thus form the impression sleeve.

The synthetic nitrile rubber of the present invention is of high nitrile content. Nitrile rubbers are the result of copolymerization acrylonitrile and butadene. High nitrile content generally means that the acrylonitrile content is 37 percent or higher. A suitable high nitrile rubber for use in the present invention is sold by Goodyear under the trade designation CHEMIGUM N-3 188.

The nitrile rubber of the present invention is partially cured to provide for better temperature stability when the impression sleeve is used in high temperature wells.

The rubber is only partially cured, however, since fully cured rubber will not combine with the other constituents to form a usable impression material. The chemicals used in the partially curing process are sulfur, stearic acid and zinc oxide. As is known in the art to obtain a full cure of rubber a known amount of cure chemicals is mixed with the rubber and the mixture is heated a suitable amount.'Curing times for curing nitrile rubber range from 30 minutes at 305F to 1 minute at 400F. A full cure can be obtained in 15 to 20 minutes at 340F. Cure chemicals per parts by weight of nitrile rubber to achieve a full cure are:

1.5 parts by weight sulfur 1.0 parts by weight stearic acid 5.0 parts by weight zinc oxide In accordance with the invention these cure chemicals are used in an amount less than the above noted full cure amounts. Thus these cure chemicals are used in an amount at least one-third to up to about threequarters that used in a full cure. Thus, per 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber there should be at least 0.5 parts by weight sulfur, 0.3 parts by' weight stearic acid, and 1.6 parts by weight zinc oxide and no more than 1.125 parts by weight sulfur, 0.75 parts by weight stearic acid, and 3.75 parts by weight zinc oxide. Preferably the cure chemicals are present in an amount of from about one-half to two-thirds that of the full cure chemicals. Thus the cure chamicals per 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber preferably range between 0.75 to 1.0 parts by weight sulfur, 0.50 to 0.60 parts by weight stearic acid, and 2.50 to 3.20 parts by weight zinc oxide.

Curing is accomplished by first introducing a known weight of uncured synthetic nitrile rubber into a rubber processing mill. The rubber is fed between the two counterrotating rolls and the squeezing and friction caused by the rolls heats and breaks the nerve of the rubber causing it to smooth out and form a coating around one of the rolls. Suitable amounts of cure chemicals as described above are then added to the rubber on the rolls and thoroughly mixed with the rubber. The rubber is then removed from the rolls and heated for example in a steam chamber to the desired cure temperature for the curing time to effect a partial cure of the rubber. In accordance with the invention 15 to 20 minutes at 340F has been found suitable for such curing.

The natural rubber useful in accordance with the present invention is classified as smoked sheet natural rubber. As noted at page 19 of the Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook published by R. T. Vanderbilt C0,, lnc., 230 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017, there are seven types of natural rubber available in the market. Each type is classified according to the preparation given the rubber and the source of the rubber. Smoked sheet is formed of coagulated rubber sheets properly dried and smoked. There are seven grades of smoked sheet available ranging from highest quality No. IXRSS to lowest quality No. 6 RSS. Although under some conditions any of these grades may be employed in the present invention, it is usually preferred to use at least grade 1 RSS or better.

The silica powder used in accordance with the invention is hydrated amorphous silica. A preferred silica powder is sold under the trade name High Sil 210 and is produced by Chemical Division of Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. The function of the silica powder is to smooth out the surface of the rubber. Powder fills the pores of the rubber and provides a smooth surface on which impressions are clearly visible. When present in the final rubber nitrile rubber natural rubber mixture in suitable proportions, the silica powder provides a desirable smooth finish withou causing the rubber to be undesirably hard.

The liquid processing oil is useful as a plasticizer and may be one of the plasticizers normally used in the rubber industry. These include mineral oil and other liquid hydrocarbons and various synthetic oils. The preferred liquid processing oil for use in the present invention is a hydrocarbon based material produced by the Golden Bear Oil Company of Bakersfield, Calif, and sold under the trade and identifcation of LPO.

A number of demonstrations were conducted to determine the optimum impression material for use in DEMONSTRATION l A mixture of partially cured nitrile rubber, natural rubber, silica powder and liquid processing oil was prepared in sheet form. The composition of the finished sheet was:

Actual Weight lbs. Parts Chemigum N-318B nitrile rubber 5.0 100.0 70.23 Sulfur 0.025 0.5 .35 Stcaric acid 0.015 0.3 .21 Zinc oxide 0.08 1.6 1.12 Natural rubber 1.14 22.8 16.02 Silica powder 0.57 11.4 8.00 Liquid processing oil 0.29 5.8 4.07

The cure chemicals were present in the nitrile rubber in one-third normal cure amount. The nitrile rubber was cured 15 minutes at 340F prior to being mixed with the first stage rubber mix of natural rubber, silica powder and liquid processing oil. The final sheet was tested and showed temperature stability.

LII

DEMONSTRATION 2 Material prepared as in l and had the following composition:

Actual Weight lbs Parts Chemigum N-318B rubber 5.00 100.0 69.07 Sulfur 0.05 1.0 .69 Stearic acid 0.03 0.6 .41 Zinc oxide 016 3.2 2.20 Natural rubber 1.14 22.8 15.75 Silica powder 0.57 1 1.4 7.88 Liquid processing The cure chemicals were present in an amount equal to two-thirds of the normal full cure amount. Curing was done at 340F for 15 minutes. This was the best compound has good oil resistance and temperature stability.

DEMONSTRATION 3 Material prepared as in 1 and had the following composition:

' The cure chemicals were present in one-half full cure amount. However, Paracril OZO was also used. Paracril 020 is a trademark of Uniroyal, Inc. for a nitrile rubber and vinyl blend. The mixture was cured at 340F for 20 minutes. The resultant sheet had excellent finish but was not temperature stable.

DEMONSTRATION 4 Material prepared as in 1 to form a sheet having the following composition:

Actual Weight lbs. Parts Chemi N-318B nitri e rubber 5.000 100.00 69.56 Sulfur 0.0375 0.75 0.52 Stearic acid 0.0250 0.50 0.35 Zinc oxide 0.1250 2.50 1.74 Natural rubber 1.14 22.80 15.86 Silica WVClCI' 0.57 l 1.40 7.93 Liqui processing oil 0.29 5.80 4.04

The acceptable cure chemicals were present in onehalf full cure amount and curing was done for 20 minutes at 340F. The resulting sheet had fair temperature stability but not as good as Demonstration 2.

DEMONSTRATION v A rubber sheet was prepared by mixing the following components on a rubber mill:

75 percent Goodrich HyCar 1072 nitrile rubber 25 percent Goodyear NatSyn 400 synthetic poly isoprene rubber Good nerve. Fair finish. Slick but not tacky after contact with gasoline. However, is not temperature stable.

DEMONSTRATION 6 Mixture of Demonstration 5 tended to stick to rolls and to try to improve millability the following components were added to 5 lbs. of above mixture:

1 lb. silica powder 0.2 lbs. paraffin 3.5 lbs. liquid processing oil Material became very sticky and had to be stripped from the rolls.

DEMONSTRATION 7 Goodrich Ethylene Propylene 587 G-l rubber. (Very hardmaterial very difficult to mill initially.) Would not mill into an impression sheet.

Added 20 percent by weight Goodyear NatSyn 400 synthetic poly isoprene rubber. Less nerve than nitrile rubbers tested, rough finish and more sensitive to gasoline and poor temperature stability.

DEMONSTRATION s A sheet was formed on a rubber mill having the following composition:

80 percent Goodrich EP 587 G-l rubber 20 percent natural rubber Nerve about same as Demonstration 7, rougherfinish than 7, slightly more gasoline sensitive than Demonstration 7 blend above and poor temperature stability.

DEMONSTRATION 9 A sheet of the following composition was formed:

Actual Weight lbs.

Chemigum N-318B nitrile rubber 5.0 100.0 70.23 Sulfur 0.025 0.5 0.35 Stearic acid 0.015 0.3 0.21 Zinc oxide 0.08 1.6 1.12 Natural rubber 1.14 22.8 16.02 Silica powder 057 11.4 8.00 Liquid processing oil 0.29 5.8 4.07 7.12 142.4 'nrmr Milled mixture on rubber mill and then cured total mixture for 15 minutes at 340F. After the cure material was remilled to a smooth finish and had good gasoline resistance but lacked temperature stability.

DEMONSTRATION 10 Attempted to prepare Thiokol FA Polysulfide on rubber mill. It was very sticky on rolls. Would not mill into sheet. Good gasoline resistance. Tried to smooth finish by. adding 0.03 lbs. MBTS and 0.01 lbs. DPG. Still very sticky. Added 2.0 lbs. NatSyn 400. Very, very sticky. Added 0.05 lbs. stearic acid. About like putty. Hand stripped material from the mill rolls.

DEMONSTRATION 1 l Mixture having following composition was prepared:

Actual Weight lbs. Pans Chemigum N-318B Y I nitrile rubber 5.0 100.00 69.64 Sulfur 0.05 0.25 0.17 Stearic acid 0.03 0.15 0.11 Zinc oxide 0.16 3.20 2.23 NatSyn synthetic rubber 400 1.14 22.80 15.87 1 Silica powder 0.57 11.40 7.94 Liquid processing oil 0.29 5.80 4.04 7.24 143.31 liillll Nitrile rubber was cured 15 minutes at 340F using two-thirds full cure chemicals prior to mixing NatSyn synthetic 400 rubber mix. Material milled easy and had a smooth finish. Gasoline test slick but not tacky. Not temperature stable.

DEMONSTRATION 12 The following material was prepared:

Actual Wei ht lbs. Parts I EnJay Vistalon 2504 ethylene propylene 5.000 100.0 69.20 Zinc oxidc 0.125 2.5 1.73 Stean'c acid 0.025 0.5 0.35 Sulfur 0.075 1.5 1.04

Cured 20 minutes at 340F. Then milled with:

Natural rubber 1.14 22.8 15.78 Silica wder 0.57 11.4 7.89 Liqui processing W oil 0.29 5. 4.01

Material has good nerve, very rough finish and good gasoline resistance but very temperature sensitive.

DEMONSTRATION 13 The following material was prepared:

DEMONSTRATION l4 5 The following material was prepared: The following mixture was prepared:

Actual Weight Actual Weight lbs. lbs. Parts l Goodrich EP 587-Gl Chemigum N-318B ethylene propylene nitrile rubber 3.48 l00.00 60.94 rubbe r 10.0 100.0 94.38 sumir .026 0.74 0.45 Zmc pxlde 0.33 3-3 3.1 l Stearic acid .0l8 0.52 0.32 gtetanc ac1d 0.66 Zinc oxide .087 2.50 1.52 u ur 2.0 1. Natural rubber 1.20 34.48 2!.01 6- 65-93 l Silica wder 0.60 17.24 10.51

Liqui processing oil 040 ii 5 1 5 lbs. of above mlxture cured at 340F for 20 mm- 57 l 164 10000 utes. Then milled with 2 lbs. first stage natural rubber mlxturecould not form 20 The above composition was milled with an additional The other of the mlxture was {mxed Wlth 0.71 lbs. of first stage natural rubber mixture to check of Paracnl and Cured minutes at 340 the effect of more natural rubber. The resultant matebIeHdFd of first Stage namral rubber rial had excellent finish and good nerve and was slick mlxture, M1lled easler than above but st1ll too rouch for but not tacky after gasoline application However, not lmpi'esson a; temperature stable.

Added an additional 1.0 lbs. of first stage natural rubber mix to above but still too rough for impression DEMONSTRATION 18 Sheet The following composition was prepared:

DEMONSTRATION 15 The following mixture was prepared: Actu Weight lbs. Parts I Chcmigum N-3 I8B fi fi P 3 nitrile rubber 5.0 100.0 66.78 Sulfur 0.0375 0.75 0.50 Stearic acid 0.025 0.50 0.33 s'm 18B Zinc oxide 0.125 2.50 1.67 Z n1tr1le drubber Cumar MH 25 Inc OX! 6 semic acid 0.2 10 L30 (syntheuc resm) 0.30 6.00 4.01 Cumar MH 2.5 I (synthetic 1 1 4988 40 Cured 20 minutes at 340F then milled with 2 lbs. of S1l1ca powder 3.00 30.0 19.51 gibutyl phlhulmc 5 7 5 433 first stage natural rubber m1x. Sulfur 0.175 l.75 1.14

' Natural rubber 1.14 22.8 15.23 Cured 20 minutes at 340F in 2 5 lb. batches, then E9 Wdcr 1L4 tried to mill into a sheet. Would not band on the mill. '35 processmg 0.29 187 Too much cure. 7.3873 M975 Milled the second 5 lb. batch with 2 lbs. of first stage natural rubber mix. Could not mill into an acceptable 0 impression cover Sheet Excellent fimsh. Good nerve and gasolme resistance.

' However, not temperature stable.

DEMONSTRATION l6 DEMONSTRATION 19 The following mater1al was prepared:

The following compos1t1on was prepared:

Actual Wei t Fans 0 Actual Weight lbs. Parts Chemi um N-3l8B nfitri e rubber 18.00 C i 31 3 ur r 1 bbe 4.0 .0 Stcaric acid 0.06 0.6 0.55 ii c m .05 8.75 8.23 Zinc ox1de 0.32 3.2 2.91 Steal-i; acid 2 Q50 029 Purucril 020 0.20 2.0 l.82 Zi oxide 0 2 9 4 Cumar MH 2. 5 Cumar MB 2.5 (Synthetic (synthetic resin) .24 5.99 3.5 I lag-3 4 Natural rubber 1.39 34.67 20.29 Silica powder 0.7l l7.7l 10.37 Li 'd r i qul p ocess ng Through an error the 2 5 lb. batches were cured 60 on minutes at 340F instead of the desired 20 minutes.

This resulted in too much cure. Attempts to mill with 2 lbs. and 3 lbs. of first stage natural rubber mix were unsatisfactory.

DEMONSTRATION l7 Material had excellent finish, good nerve and gasoline resistance. However, not temperature stable.

In operation the inflatable impression packer is first run into a well to a position adjacent the surface to be investigated. Fluid is forced into the annular chamber 15 to expand the inner resilient sleeve and the outer impression sleeve 11. As noted in FIG. 3 the impression sleeve 11 will deform into an opening such as slot 23, and a projection 34 which is an impression of the slot, will form. Generally it is desirable to apply a differential pressure in the packer of at least about 100 psi above the wellbore pressure where the packer is being inflated. That is the differential pressure on the pressurizing fluid should be maintained at at least 100 psi for about 10 minutes. Rarely are pressures in excess of 150 psi when using the impression material of the present invention. The impression sleeve is useful in wells having temperatures up to about 200F.

Thus in summary the present invention provides an inflatable impression packer for use in wells. A material is used in forming the impression sleeve which combines desirable qualities of resiliency and memory so as to record and retain impressions as well as to be capable of expansion and retraction.

Although certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have been herein described in order to provide an example of its construction and steps sufficient for usage by those skilled in the art, it is to be understood that various changes and innovations in the structure described can be effected without departure from the basic principles of the invention. Changes and revisions of this sort which continue to rely on these principles are therefore deemed to be circumscribed by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. An impression packer comprising a tubing section, an elongated resilient sleeve positioned over said tubing section, means connecting the ends of said sleeve in fluid-tight relationship with said tubing section to form an annular chamber between said tubing section and said sleeve, port means communicating with said annular chamber for inflating said resilient sleeve and an impression sleeve connected to said resilient sleeve for expansion and contraction therewith, said impression sleeve comprising a smooth rolled sheet containing about to 80 percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including cure chemicals, about 10 to 20 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, about 5 to 15 percent by weight hydrated amorphous silica, and between 2 and 6 percent by weight of rubber processing oil.

2. An impression packer comprising a tubing section. an elongated resilient sleeve positioned over said tubing section, means connecting the ends of said sleeve in fluid-tight relationship withsaid tubing section to form an annular chamber between said tubing section and said sleeve, port means communicating with said annular chamber for inflating said resilient sleeve and an impression sleeve connected to said resilient sleeve for expansion and contraction therewith, said impression sleeve comprising a smooth rolled sheet containing about to percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including cure chemicals, about 14 to 16 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.5 to 8.5 percent by weight hydrated amorphous silica, and about 3.5 to 4.5 percent by weight of rubber processing oil.

3. An impression packer comprising a tubing section, an elongated resilient sleeve-positioned over said tubing section, means connecting the ends of said sleeve in fluid-tight relationship with said tubing section to form an annular chamber between said tubing section and said sleeve, port means communicating with said annular chamber for inflating said resilient sleeve and an impression sleeve connected to said resilient sleeve for expansion and contraction therewith, said impres sion sleeve comprising a smooth rolled sheet containing about72.4 percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber includingcure chemicals, about l5.7 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.9 percent by weight hydrated amorphous silica, and

about 4.0 percent by weight of rubber processing oil.

V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No- 855,854 Dated December 24, 1974 Inventor) STANLEY o. HU'ICHISON, GLENN w. ANDERSON ANDGORDON L.

' NEWBY It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

F 1 I Column 1, line 64, "natrual" should read -natural-.

" Column 4, line 39, "73.4 percent" should read -72.4

percent--.

Column 7, line 19, "withou" should read -without-.

Signed and sealed this 13th day of May 1975.

(SEAL) test: c. MARSHALL DANN RUTH C. MASON Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer and Trademarks 

2. An impression packer comprising a tubing section, an elongated resilient sleeve positioned over said tubing section, means connecting the ends of said sleeve in fluid-tight relationship with said tubing section to form an annular chamber between said tubing section and said sleeve, port means communicating with said annular chamber for inflating said resilient sleeve and an impression sleeve connected to said resilient sleeve for expansion and contraction therewith, said impression sleeve comprising a smooth rolled sheet containing about 70 to 75 percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including cure chemicals, about 14 to 16 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.5 to 8.5 percent by weight hydrated amorphous silica, and about 3.5 to 4.5 percent by weight of rubber processing oil.
 3. An impression packer comprising a tubing section, an elongated resilient sleeve positioned over said tubing section, means connecting the ends of said sleeve in fluid-tight relationship with said tubing section to form an annular chamber between said tubing section and said sleeve, port means communicating with said annular chamber for inflating said resilient sleeve and an impression sleeve connected to said resilient sleeve for expansion and contraction therewith, said impression sleeve comprising a smooth rolled sheet containing about 73.4 percent by weight partially cured synthetic nitrile rubber including cure chemicals, about 15.7 percent by weight natural rubber smoked sheet, about 7.9 percent by weight hydrated amorphous silica, and about 4.0 percent by weight of rubber processing oil. 